Restoration and Development of the Education Sector: Strategic Planning Tasks Facing Ukrainian Communities
This year, more than three million Ukrainian children will attend school, either in person or through remote learning. However, as in the previous three academic years, this school year poses significant challenges for Ukrainian schoolchildren, as the education sector continues to face severe damage from the full-scale invasion. In addition, inequalities in access to quality education are widening, with children from more vulnerable groups at greater risk of falling behind.
Among typical challenges in the educational sector for the partner communities of the Community-Led Inclusive Recovery (CLIR) initiative are the following:
1. Limited of Access to In-Person Education
In the 19 partner communities of the CLIR initiative of the SURGe project, around 47,000 students are enrolled in schools. Of these, nearly 38% relied exclusively on remote learning during the 2023-2024 school year, especially in communities in Kharkivska, Dnipropetrovska, and Mykolaivska oblasts.
However, frequent communication challenges – such as poor mobile service, limited internet access, daily blackouts, and frequent air-raids – often disrupt remote learning. This makes it difficult to effectively teach the material leading to growing learning gaps. Students from rural areas are particularly vulnerable to these disruptions.
2. Destruction of Educational Infrastructure
According to the Ukraine Rapid Damage Needs Assessment (RDNA3), between February 2022 and December 2023, 13% of all educational infrastructure was damaged or destroyed, with losses estimated at $5.6 billion.
This issue is particularly critical for 8 of the 19 partner communities the SURGe project works with. Communities lack the resources to rebuild damaged educational facilities, and the process of securing state or donor funds for reconstruction is slow. However, the funds acquired will not be sufficient to cover the reconstruction costs for all schools. Nevertheless, children need access to education now.
For instance, in the Balakliyska and Savynska communities, most of the destroyed educational infrastructure is in rural areas, far from community centers. This makes restoration efforts difficult, with few opportunities to establish educational hubs for children.
3. Inadequate Bomb Shelters
While most communities have made efforts to establish basic bomb shelters, many of these facilities are unsuitable for children and staff due to insufficient ventilation, sewage and other facilities necessary for long-term stay in the bomb shelter.
To enable in-person or hybrid learning in 8 communities across Mykolaivska, Kharkivska and Dnipropetrovska oblasts, 34 more bomb shelters are required. An equal number is needed for kindergartens.
4. Network of Educational Institutions Not Meeting Current Needs
Educational networks require consideration of numerous factors, including demographic trends, community’s economic prospects, creation of job opportunities, ability to organize convenient transportation routes for students, project design capacity, facility conditions, and bomb shelter availability (or prospects for building). Inefficient networks not only compromise the quality of education but also place a heavy burden on the community’s budget. Therefore, there is a need to reorganize these networks.
5. Challenges in Ensuring Access to Inclusive Education
Today, the number of children requiring inclusive education is growing, especially due to the war. Сommunities need support in strengthening the capacity of inclusive resource centers to conduct comprehensive assessments of children’s needs, provide counseling services to families, create barrier-free educational spaces, retrain teachers to provide correctional and developmental services in institutions where inclusive classes and groups are open, and provide teachers’ assistants and child assistants according to their needs.
Given the above challenges, the top priority for strategic planning in all communities is restoring children’s access to quality education. This includes creating opportunities for in-person learning wherever possible by repairing educational infrastructure and constructing or upgrading bomb shelters. In cases where in-person education remains unsafe, communities must develop spaces for student-teacher interaction, such as digital learning centers or educational hubs.
The next strategic goal is to ensure the quality of education in the community. There are many interconnected factors that can affect the quality of education, and they involve complex and often difficult decisions. For example, creating a safe and motivating educational environment with limited resources requires communities to take a more rational approach to building a network of institutions.
Before the full-scale invasion, the Savynska community’s educational network consisted of five institutions and one branch, and there was a lack of educational subvention. Three schools were destroyed or damaged during the occupation and hostilities in the community, and one school did not meet safety requirements. Therefore, since June 2023, the community has suspended the activities of four institutions with their subsequent liquidation, and all students have been transferred to study at a single hub institution (which also has a branch).
“Thanks to these steps, students now have access to a motivating and competitive environment in larger classes, and our community can focus its resources and efforts on creating a functional educational environment and working with teachers to improve the quality of education,” said Oksana Suprun, Head of the Savynska Village Military Administration.
To maintain access to education in war-affected areas, the SURGe team has begun establishing Digital Learning Centers (DLCs) in communities where schools have been destroyed or looted. These centers provide children with continued access to education in the absence of functional schools.
In 2022-2023, the Project set up two primary schools in adapted premises in Bohdanivka and Hostomel (Kyivska oblast), along with five DLCs in Kyivska oblast, and one each in Zhytomyrska and Chernihivska oblasts. So far, 24 such centers have been equipped in communities affected by the war.
Key Elements of Strategic Planning in Local Education
Effective strategic planning in education begins with a thorough analysis of the community’s needs and challenges. This requires a collaborative approach that engages all stakeholders – parents, teachers, school principals, high school students in the process as being involved in the development of a community strategic document builds trust in the steps that will be taken to implement it. Here, applying effective strategic planning practices, such as the Results-Based Management methodology and Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) will help the community to align goals and objectives for the restoration and development of education with the community’s needs.
Planning should be focused on the quality of education, be rational and realistic in terms of the community’s financial capacity, prospects for attracting state funding or assistance from international partners.